Malabsorption occurs when the body is unable to absorb vitamins, minerals, and nutrients into the bloodstream via the intestinal tract. The primary symptoms of malabsorption are marked weight loss, chronic fatigue, abdominal cramping, bloating, diarrhea, chronic flatulence, edema, and sometimes anemia. Fat may be left unprocessed, being expelled in the stool (also known as steatorrhea). In addition to a loss of essential vitamins and minerals, malabsorption can ensure that the body is unable to properly process protein, oftentimes resulting in extreme wasting of the tissues. Calcium, too, may be lost, resulting in urinary stones and a gradual loss of bone density.
There are a variety of ways that a person can fall victim to malabsorption, and assistance from a medical professional may need to be sought in order to avoid the deadly consequences. Once your healthcare practitioner has identified the underlying cause of your symptoms, the proper treatment plan can be put into action. Some of the potential underlying causes that your doctor may have you screened for include:
- Celiac disease, or another disease that directly affects the gastrointestinal tract
- Pancreatitis
- Cystic fibrosis
- Giardiasis, or another disease cause by a parasitic infection
- Abnormal alteration of the healthy gut bacteria that all humans possess
- Complications from the human immunodeficiency virus (also known as HIV)
- Surgery that affects major organ structures such as the gallbladder or the intestinal tract itself
- Complications from chronic starvation and/or malnutrition
- Radiation therapy
- Short bowel syndrome
- Tropical sprue
- Whipple’s disease
Self Help
Once an individual has been diagnosed with malabsorption, there are a few lifestyle changes that can be made to help ease some of the more acute symptoms. In addition to increasing one’s daily intake of vitamins, nutrients, and minerals, individuals with malabsorption may want to consider eating several small meals throughout the day, rather than three traditionally larger meals. Replenishing the body’s fluids with plenty of water is also essential. If symptoms become so severe that a healthy weight cannot be achieved and/or if fluids cannot be successfully retained, one should seek immediate medical attention.
Western Treatments
Identifying the underlying cause of malabsorption will allow your doctor to begin developing an effective treatment plan. Treatment may include:
- A special, nutrient-rich diet plan
- Vitamin, protein, and mineral supplements
- Administration of special digestive enzymes
- Administration of specific medications to help alleviate cramping and gas
Tests that measure fat in the stool are some of the most reliable in determining whether one is suffering from malabsorption, but these tests typically cannot reveal the underlying cause of the condition. If an abnormality in the lining of the bowel is suspected as a primary cause for malabsorption, your doctor may have to perform a biopsy.
Once an individual is diagnosed with malabsorption, nutrient and fluid replacement are the first step to successfully stabilize the patient. In extreme cases where the patient is suffering from acute malnourishment, hospitalization is often necessary.
A Case Study in TCM Treatment
A 70-year-old man was diagnosed with cancer and began a rigorous routine of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. His primary symptoms included weight loss, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and chronic flatulence. He was already on a multivitamin and a mineral preparation prescribed by his doctor. He had experimented with a digestive enzyme product with few results. He found some relief with hot ginger tea. Traditional Chinese diagnoses revealed that his pulse was sinking and slow, and he had a thick white coating on his tongue. He was prescribed two herbal mixtures, to be taken every day. The first mixture contained poria sclerotium, coix seed, barley shen qu, magnolia bark, angelica root, and some other choice herbs. The second herbal combination included ailanthus cortes, baked astragalus root, white ginseng root, white atractylodes rhizome, red atractylodes rhizome, poria sclerotium, and dioscorea root.
Within two weeks, the patient reported less diarrhea, cramping, and flatulence. The dosage of the second herbal mixture listed above was increased, while the dosage of the first herbal mixture listed above remained the same. After four more weeks, he reported that his symptoms were now a rare occurrence. His spouse reported that he had more energy throughout the day, and that his moods had improved significantly. The patient even reported a healthy weight gain.